Kantalelo Ellen
Aug 26
Mechanism of action for classes of antibiotics?
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Aug 26
There are several classes of antibiotics, each with their own unique mechanism of action. Here are some common classes of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action:
1. Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins): These antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. They do this by binding to and inhibiting enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in the cell wall. This weakens the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death.
2. Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, azithromycin): Macrolides work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. They do this by blocking the exit tunnel of the ribosome, preventing the elongation of the peptide chain. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and cell death.
3. Fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin): Fluoroquinolones work by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which is involved in the supercoiling of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting DNA gyrase, fluoroquinolones prevent DNA replication and transcription, leading to bacterial cell death.
4. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline): Tetracyclines work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. They do this by blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome, preventing the elongation of the peptide chain. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and cell death.
5. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin, amikacin): Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and causing misreading of the genetic code during protein synthesis. This results in the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into the growing peptide chain, leading to the production of nonfunctional or toxic proteins and ultimately bacterial cell death.
1. Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins): These antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. They do this by binding to and inhibiting enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in the cell wall. This weakens the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death.
2. Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin, azithromycin): Macrolides work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. They do this by blocking the exit tunnel of the ribosome, preventing the elongation of the peptide chain. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and cell death.
3. Fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin): Fluoroquinolones work by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which is involved in the supercoiling of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting DNA gyrase, fluoroquinolones prevent DNA replication and transcription, leading to bacterial cell death.
4. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline): Tetracyclines work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. They do this by blocking the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome, preventing the elongation of the peptide chain. This ultimately leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and cell death.
5. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin, amikacin): Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial ribosome and causing misreading of the genetic code during protein synthesis. This results in the incorporation of incorrect amino acids into the growing peptide chain, leading to the production of nonfunctional or toxic proteins and ultimately bacterial cell death.
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