Mechanism of action for caffeine citrate in treatment of neonatal apnea?

Caffeine citrate is a central nervous system stimulant that acts as a respiratory stimulant in the treatment of neonatal apnea. It works by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain, which leads to an increase in the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine. This stimulation of the central nervous system results in an increase in respiratory drive and a decrease in the frequency and severity of apnea episodes in premature infants. Additionally, caffeine citrate also has diuretic effects, which can help reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs and improve respiratory function.