List the scientists who have made contributions to the history of pharmacology.

1. Paracelsus (1493-1541) - Swiss physician and alchemist known for his contributions to the field of toxicology and pharmacology.
2. William Withering (1741-1799) - English physician who discovered the medical properties of digitalis, a drug used to treat heart conditions.
3. Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) - German scientist who developed the concept of chemotherapy and made significant contributions to the field of immunology.
4. Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) - Scottish biologist who discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin.
5. Gertrude B. Elion (1918-1999) - American biochemist who developed several important drugs, including the first successful antiviral medication.
6. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - French chemist and microbiologist known for his discoveries in the field of vaccination and pasteurization.
7. Selman Waksman (1888-1973) - Ukrainian-American microbiologist who discovered several important antibiotics, including streptomycin.
8. Alfred G. Gilman (1941-2015) - American pharmacologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on G-protein signaling pathways.
9. Tu Youyou (1930-present) - Chinese pharmaceutical chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria.
10. James Black (1924-2010) - Scottish pharmacologist who developed several important drugs, including beta-blockers and H2 receptor antagonists.

Ancient Egypt and Greece
- Imhotep
- Dioscorides

Medieval Period
- Avicenna
- Rhazes

Renaissance and Baroque Periods
- Paracelsus
- William Harvey
- Jan van Helmont

18th and 19th Centuries
- Antoine Lavoisier
- Friedrich Wöhler
- Justus von Liebig
- Claude Bernard

20th Century and Beyond
- Paul Ehrlich
- Alexander Fleming
- Howard Florey
- Gertrude B. Elion
- James W. Black
- John Vane
- Francis Crick

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