# list five sources of contamination during manufacturing / compunding in pharmaceutical settings?

1. Cross-contamination: This occurs when there is unintentional transfer of contaminants from one product or ingredient to another. It can happen through shared equipment, utensils, or surfaces.

2. Microbial contamination: This refers to the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses in the manufacturing environment. It can occur due to inadequate sterilization of equipment, improper handling of raw materials, or poor hygiene practices.

3. Particulate contamination: This involves the presence of foreign particles, such as dust, fibers, or metal fragments, in the pharmaceutical products. It can result from inadequate filtration or cleaning of equipment, as well as from the environment itself.

4. Chemical contamination: This includes the presence of unwanted chemicals or impurities in the pharmaceutical products. It can arise from the use of contaminated raw materials, improper storage of chemicals, or inadequate cleaning of equipment.

5. Environmental contamination: This refers to the introduction of contaminants from the surrounding environment into the manufacturing area. It can occur through air, water, or personnel movement, and can include pollutants, allergens, or other harmful substances.