1. Process management: The operating system manages and controls the execution of processes, including scheduling, creation, termination, and communication between processes.
2. Memory management: It allocates and manages the computer's memory resources, ensuring that each process has enough memory to execute and preventing conflicts between processes.
3. File system management: The operating system provides a hierarchical structure for organizing and storing files, as well as managing file access, permissions, and storage allocation.
4. Device management: It controls and coordinates the use of hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and network interfaces, ensuring that they are properly utilized and accessible to applications.
5. User interface: The operating system provides a user-friendly interface for users to interact with the computer, including graphical user interfaces (GUIs), command-line interfaces (CLIs), and touch-based interfaces.
6. Security management: It implements security measures to protect the computer system and its resources from unauthorized access, viruses, malware, and other threats.
7. Network management: The operating system facilitates network communication by managing network connections, protocols, and configurations, allowing users to access remote resources and communicate with other devices.
8. Error handling: It detects and handles errors and exceptions that occur during the execution of processes, preventing system crashes and providing error messages or logs for troubleshooting.
9. Power management: The operating system manages power consumption and battery life on mobile devices, laptops, and other power-dependent systems, optimizing energy usage and implementing power-saving features.