List and explain the types of drainage patterns.

1. Dendritic drainage pattern: This is the most common type of drainage pattern, characterized by a tree-like branching pattern. It occurs in regions with uniform rock types and gentle slopes, allowing water to flow in multiple directions.

2. Radial drainage pattern: In this pattern, rivers flow outward from a central high point, such as a volcano or dome-shaped mountain. It is commonly found in volcanic regions where water flows away from a central peak.

3. Rectangular drainage pattern: This pattern is characterized by a network of straight, perpendicular channels that form right angles. It typically occurs in regions with a grid-like pattern of faults or joints in the underlying rock.

4. Trellis drainage pattern: In this pattern, rivers and streams flow parallel to each other with short tributaries joining them at right angles. It is commonly found in regions with alternating layers of resistant and less resistant rock, resulting in a pattern of parallel ridges and valleys.

5. Parallel drainage pattern: In this pattern, rivers and streams flow parallel to each other with no tributaries joining them. It is commonly found in regions with steep slopes and uniform rock types, where water flows in a single direction.

6. Annular drainage pattern: This pattern consists of concentric rings of rivers and streams flowing around a central high point, such as a dome-shaped mountain or a basin. It is commonly found in regions with circular geological structures.

7. Deranged drainage pattern: This pattern lacks a consistent structure or direction, often resulting from glaciation or other geological disturbances that disrupt the natural flow of water. It is commonly found in regions with complex geological histories.

Drainage Patterns

Drainage patterns refer to the organized arrangements of streams, rivers, and lakes in a landscape. They provide insights into the underlying geological structures, topography, and hydrological processes.

Types of Drainage Patterns:

1. Dendritic Drainage Pattern:

- Resembles the branching of a tree
- Forms on homogeneous, gently sloping topography
- Streams intersect at acute angles
- Common in areas with uniform rainfall and permeable soils

2. Rectangular Drainage Pattern:

- Streams and tributaries intersect at right angles
- Forms on alternating bands of resistant and erodible rocks
- Joints and faults control the stream direction

3. Radial Drainage Pattern:

- Streams flow radially outward from a central point
- Forms around volcanic cones, domes, or in areas with a central uplift
- Also known as centrifugal drainage pattern

4. Centripetal Drainage Pattern:

- Streams flow inward towards a central point
- Forms in closed basins or depressions
- Water accumulates in a central lake or playa

5. Parallel Drainage Pattern:

- Streams flow side by side in a parallel or subparallel manner
- Forms in areas with a steep, uniform slope
- May indicate underlying resistant rock layers

6. Trellis Drainage Pattern:

- Streams and tributaries form a grid-like network
- Forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and erodible rocks and a superimposed stream pattern

7. Annular Drainage Pattern:

- Streams form concentric rings around a central feature, such as a volcanic crater or salt dome
- Indicates a radial subsurface structure

8. Deranged Drainage Pattern:

- Streams lack a consistent pattern and flow in random directions
- Forms in areas with complex topography, such as mountains or glacial terrain

9. Endorheic Drainage Pattern:

- Streams flow into a closed basin, without reaching an ocean or sea
- Forms in arid or semi-arid regions with limited precipitation

10. Exorehic Drainage Pattern:

- Streams flow into an ocean, sea, or other larger water body
- Forms in areas with sufficient rainfall for water to reach the sea