John Stuart Mill, what kind of untilitarianist are you , how do you define pleasure and right or wrong, using example?

John Stuart Mill was a rule utilitarian, meaning that he believed in following general rules that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Mill defined pleasure as the absence of pain and the presence of happiness. He believed that pleasure should be measured in terms of quality rather than quantity, and that higher pleasures (such as intellectual or moral pleasures) are more valuable than lower pleasures (such as physical or sensual pleasures).

In terms of right and wrong, Mill believed that actions are morally right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce unhappiness. He argued that the principle of utility should be used to determine the morality of actions, meaning that the right action is the one that produces the greatest overall happiness for the greatest number of people.

For example, Mill would argue that it is morally right to donate money to a charity that helps alleviate poverty because it promotes happiness for those in need. On the other hand, he would argue that it is morally wrong to steal from someone because it causes harm and unhappiness to the victim.

John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher and economist who advocated for utilitarianism, which is a moral philosophy that holds that the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Mill's specific brand of utilitarianism is called "Act Utilitarianism."

Definition of Pleasure and Right or Wrong

According to Mill, pleasure is the highest good and the only intrinsic value. He defines pleasure as "the absence of pain and the presence of positive feelings." Conversely, pain is the absence of positive feelings and the presence of negative feelings.

Mill argued that right actions are those that maximize pleasure and minimize pain, while wrong actions are those that maximize pain and minimize pleasure.

Example

Let's consider the example of a doctor who needs to decide whether to operate on a patient. The patient is suffering from a painful condition, and the surgery has a 50% chance of success. If the surgery is successful, the patient will be pain-free and happy. However, if the surgery is unsuccessful, the patient will die.

According to Mill's utilitarianism, the doctor should perform the surgery. This is because the potential for happiness (if the surgery is successful) outweighs the potential for pain (if the surgery is unsuccessful). In other words, the surgery has a higher probability of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, and therefore it is the right action.

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