Internal Business Environment:
- Organizational Structure: Hierarchical relationships and reporting lines within the company.
- Management: Leadership style, decision-making process, and authority delegation.
- Culture: Values, beliefs, and norms that shape employee behavior and attitudes.
- Resources: Financial, human, physical, and technological capabilities.
- Processes: Systems and procedures that govern operations, such as production, sales, and finance.
External Business Environment:
Microenvironment
- Customers: Their needs, demographics, and buying patterns.
- Suppliers: Reliability, quality, and pricing of goods and services.
- Competitors: Direct and indirect rivals, their strategies, and market share.
- Intermediaries: Channel partners such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers.
- Publics: Groups or individuals with an interest in or impact on the organization (e.g., employees, media, government).
Macroenvironment
- Demographic: Population trends, age distribution, income levels.
- Economic: Interest rates, inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
- Political-Legal: Government regulations, trade policies, and legal constraints.
- Sociocultural: Cultural values, social norms, and lifestyle trends.
- Technological: Innovations, advancements in communication, and automation.
- Global: International markets, geopolitical events, and currency fluctuations.
- Environmental: Concerns about sustainability, resource scarcity, and climate change.
Interplay between Internal and External Environments:
- The internal environment influences the company's ability to capitalize on external opportunities and respond to threats.
- The external environment shapes the challenges and constraints that the company must navigate.
- Effective businesses monitor and adapt to changes in both internal and external environments to maintain a competitive advantage.