Tropical Rainforests
- Location: Near the equator
- Climate: Warm and humid year-round
- Vegetation: Dense, tall trees with large leaves and few branches
- Examples: Amazon rainforest, Congo Basin
- Importance: Home to a vast array of plant and animal species, regulate global climate, produce oxygen
Temperate Deciduous Forests
- Location: Mid-latitudes
- Climate: Warm, moist summers and cold, snowy winters
- Vegetation: Deciduous trees (lose leaves in winter), shrubs, and wildflowers
- Examples: Appalachian Mountains, European forests
- Importance: Provide habitat for wildlife, produce lumber, store carbon
Temperate Rainforests
- Location: Coastal areas in mid-latitudes
- Climate: Mild, humid year-round with abundant rainfall
- Vegetation: Tall evergreen trees with thick undergrowth
- Examples: Olympic Peninsula, Great Bear Rainforest
- Importance: Home to diverse flora and fauna, regulate climate, produce oxygen
Grasslands
- Location: Mid-latitudes, dry climates
- Climate: Warm, dry summers and cold, wet winters
- Vegetation: Grasses, wildflowers, and scattered trees
- Examples: Great Plains, African savanna
- Importance: Graze livestock, provide habitat for migratory birds and large herbivores
Deserts
- Location: Hot, dry regions
- Climate: Extreme temperatures, little rainfall
- Vegetation: Cacti, succulents, shrubs
- Examples: Sahara Desert, Atacama Desert
- Importance: Unique ecosystems with adapted plant and animal species
Tundra
- Location: Far north and south
- Climate: Cold, long winters and short, cool summers
- Vegetation: Mosses, lichens, low-growing shrubs
- Examples: Arctic tundra, Antarctic tundra
- Importance: Supports unique plant and animal species, regulates climate
Mediterranean Vegetation
- Location: Coastal regions around the Mediterranean Sea and other similar climates
- Climate: Mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
- Vegetation: Evergreen shrubs, trees, and grasses
- Examples: California chaparral, Mediterranean coastal scrub
- Importance: Home to unique plant and animal species, fire-resistant
Mangroves
- Location: Coastal areas in tropical and subtropical regions
- Climate: Warm, humid year-round
- Vegetation: Salt-tolerant trees and shrubs
- Examples: Sundarbans, Everglades mangroves
- Importance: Coastal protection, fish nurseries, carbon sequestration
Alpine Vegetation
- Location: High mountain elevations
- Climate: Cold, snowy year-round
- Vegetation: Dwarf trees, shrubs, grasses, wildflowers
- Examples: Alps, Himalayas
- Importance: Unique ecosystems with adapted plant and animal species