Identify text data irregularities that could occur and explain how these would be resolved using established procedures.

1. Missing data: This occurs when certain data points are not recorded or are incomplete. To resolve this, the missing data can be imputed using statistical techniques such as mean imputation, median imputation, or regression imputation.

2. Outliers: Outliers are data points that are significantly different from the rest of the data. These can be identified using statistical methods such as box plots or z-scores, and then either removed from the dataset or winsorized (replaced with a less extreme value).

3. Duplicate data: Duplicate data entries can occur due to errors in data entry or data collection. These can be identified by comparing records for identical values and then removing or merging the duplicates.

4. Inconsistent data formats: Data may be recorded in different formats across different sources or entries, making it difficult to analyze. This can be resolved by standardizing the data format using data cleaning techniques such as data normalization or data transformation.

5. Data entry errors: Data entry errors such as typos or incorrect values can lead to inaccuracies in the dataset. These errors can be identified by cross-checking data entries and then corrected manually or using automated data cleaning tools.

6. Data skewness: Skewed data distributions can affect the accuracy of statistical analyses. This can be resolved by transforming the data using techniques such as log transformation or Box-Cox transformation to make the distribution more symmetrical.

Overall, resolving text data irregularities involves a combination of data cleaning techniques, statistical methods, and domain knowledge to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the dataset.

Types of Text Data Irregularities:

1. Missing Values:
- Occurs when data is not available for a specific attribute or field in a record.

Resolution:
- Use imputation techniques to estimate missing values based on other available information.
- Remove observations with missing values if imputation is not feasible or acceptable.

2. Data Duplicates:
- Occurs when the same data record appears multiple times in a dataset.

Resolution:
- Remove duplicate records using unique identifiers or other criteria.
- Merge duplicate records into a single record with combined data.

3. Inconsistent Formatting:
- Occurs when similar data is represented in different formats (e.g., dates in different formats, currency values with varying decimal places).

Resolution:
- Standardize formatting using established conventions or data cleaning tools.
- Convert values to a consistent unit or format.

4. Spelling and Grammatical Errors:
- Occurs when text data contains misspellings, punctuation errors, or grammatical mistakes.

Resolution:
- Use spell checkers and grammar checkers to identify and correct errors.
- Define and enforce consistent rules for capitalization, punctuation, and style.

5. Outliers:
- Occurs when data points deviate significantly from the expected range or distribution.

Resolution:
- Investigate the validity of outlier values.
- Remove or adjust outliers if they are due to errors or anomalies.
- Consider creating subgroups or different analysis models to handle outliers separately.

6. Incomplete or Truncated Data:
- Occurs when text data is cut off or incomplete, leading to missing information.

Resolution:
- Verify the source of the data and attempt to retrieve the missing information.
- Use data imputation techniques to estimate the missing data based on available patterns or context.

7. Non-Textual Data in Text Fields:
- Occurs when numeric or binary data is mistakenly included in text fields.

Resolution:
- Identify and separate non-textual data into separate fields.
- Convert numerical data to strings if appropriate.

Established Procedures for Resolving Irregularities:

- Data Validation: Establish procedures to verify the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of data before it is used for analysis.
- Data Cleaning Rules: Define specific rules for handling missing values, duplicates, outliers, formatting inconsistencies, and other irregularities.
- Data Transformation and Normalization: Use data transformation and normalization techniques to standardize the format and structure of text data.
- Error Correction: Implement automated or manual error correction mechanisms to identify and resolve spelling errors, punctuation errors, and grammatical mistakes.
- Data Verification: Conduct regular data audits to ensure that irregularities are identified and resolved promptly.