Identify and describe various fabric faults and defects that can occur during the weaving and knitting process.

1. Slubs: Slubs are thick, uneven areas in the fabric caused by irregularities in the yarn. They can occur during the spinning process or when the yarn is being woven or knitted. Slubs can create a bumpy texture in the fabric and affect its overall appearance.

2. Snags: Snags are loops or pulls in the fabric caused by the yarn getting caught on something during the weaving or knitting process. Snags can create weak spots in the fabric and lead to further damage if not repaired.

3. Broken or missing yarn: Broken or missing yarn can result in holes or gaps in the fabric. This can occur if the yarn breaks during the weaving or knitting process, or if the yarn is not properly secured in the fabric.

4. Tension issues: Tension issues can cause uneven or distorted fabric. This can happen if the tension on the loom or knitting machine is not properly adjusted, leading to inconsistencies in the fabric's structure.

5. Pilling: Pilling is the formation of small balls or clusters of fibers on the surface of the fabric. This can occur when the yarn used in the fabric is not strong enough or when the fabric is subjected to friction or abrasion.

6. Misplaced or dropped stitches: Misplaced or dropped stitches can result in holes or irregularities in the fabric. This can happen during the knitting process if a stitch is accidentally skipped or placed in the wrong location.

7. Uneven selvedges: Selvedges are the finished edges of the fabric that prevent it from unraveling. Uneven selvedges can occur if the tension on the edges of the fabric is not consistent during the weaving process, leading to a wavy or distorted edge.

8. Color variations: Color variations can occur when different dye lots are used in the yarn, resulting in inconsistencies in the color of the fabric. This can be particularly noticeable in solid-colored fabrics or when different sections of the fabric are sewn together.

Weaving Faults

- Flaw marks: These are caused by missing threads in the warp or weft, resulting in visible lines or spots on the fabric.
- Double picks: This occurs when two weft threads are inserted at once, leading to a thicker, raised area on the fabric.
- Float: This refers to an excessively long loop of warp or weft thread that protrudes from the fabric's surface.
- Selvage distortion: Irregularities or distortions along the edges of the fabric, caused by tension variations or other weaving issues.
- Wale or course deviation: Variations in the spacing of warp or weft threads, resulting in uneven or distorted patterns in the fabric.

Knitting Faults

- Dropped stitches: These occur when stitches are unintentionally removed or skipped during knitting, leaving holes in the fabric.
- Snags: Visible loops or catches that form on the fabric's surface, usually caused by broken or damaged yarns.
- Puckering: Irregular wrinkles or puckers in the fabric caused by uneven tension or thread inconsistencies.
- Floats: Similar to weaving floats, excessive loops of yarn that may not be properly interlocked, resulting in loose areas on the fabric.
- Broken needles: Damaged or broken needles can create holes or snags in the fabric as they strike the yarns.

Other Fabric Faults

- Color variations: Uneven distribution of dye or color, leading to blotches or streaks on the fabric.
- Shrinkage or distortion: Excessive shrinkage or shape changes when the fabric is laundered or exposed to heat, due to improper fiber choice or finishing processes.
- Pilling: The formation of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of the fabric caused by abrasion or rubbing.
- Abrasion: Wear and tear on the fabric's surface, resulting in thinning, fraying, or loss of color.
- Yarn defects: Contaminants, knots, or other imperfections in the yarn can cause visible faults in the finished fabric.