Identify 6 symptoms of a severe asthmatic attack. Describe the management of a severe asthmatic attack. Outline 6 principles used in the management of asthma.

6 symptoms of a severe asthmatic attack include:

1. Severe shortness of breath
2. Wheezing or coughing that does not improve with medication
3. Chest tightness or pain
4. Difficulty speaking or walking due to shortness of breath
5. Bluish lips or fingernails
6. Anxiety or panic

Management of a severe asthmatic attack typically involves the following steps:

1. Stay calm and reassure the person experiencing the attack.
2. Help the person sit upright and lean forward to make breathing easier.
3. Administer quick-relief medication, such as a rescue inhaler (e.g. albuterol).
4. If the person does not have a rescue inhaler or their symptoms do not improve, seek emergency medical help immediately.
5. Encourage the person to continue taking slow, deep breaths to help open up their airways.
6. Monitor the person's breathing and vital signs until medical help arrives.

6 principles used in the management of asthma include:

1. Avoiding triggers that can worsen asthma symptoms, such as allergens, smoke, and pollution.
2. Taking prescribed medications as directed, including long-term control medications and quick-relief medications.
3. Developing an asthma action plan with a healthcare provider to help manage symptoms and know when to seek emergency help.
4. Monitoring asthma symptoms regularly and seeking medical help if symptoms worsen or do not improve with medication.
5. Keeping track of peak flow measurements to monitor lung function and adjust treatment as needed.
6. Educating oneself and others about asthma, including recognizing symptoms of an asthma attack and knowing how to respond in an emergency.

Symptoms of a Severe Asthmatic Attack:

1. Rapid breathing (over 30 breaths per minute)
2. Shortness of breath, difficulty exhaling
3. Wheezing or whistling sounds
4. Chest tightness or pain
5. Pale, sweaty, or bluish skin
6. Confusion or lethargy

Management of a Severe Asthmatic Attack:

- Call for medical help immediately: Call 911 or your local emergency number.
- Sit the person upright: This will help them breathe easier.
- Administer albuterol inhaler: Use the inhaler as directed by a healthcare professional.
- Give oxygen if available: This can help increase oxygen levels in the blood.
- Monitor vital signs: Check the person's respiratory rate, blood pressure, and pulse.
- Consider hospitalization: If the attack is not improving with home treatment, the person may need to be hospitalized for further treatment.

Principles of Asthma Management:

1. Control inflammation: Medications such as inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators help reduce inflammation in the airways.
2. Prevent symptoms: Regular use of inhaled medications can prevent asthma symptoms from developing.
3. Treat acute attacks: Albuterol inhalers and other quick-relief medications can relieve symptoms during an attack.
4. Educate patients: Patients should be informed about their asthma condition, triggers, and management strategies.
5. Avoid triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as allergens, tobacco smoke, and exercise, can help prevent asthma attacks.
6. Monitor progress: Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare professional can help track asthma control and adjust treatment plans as needed.