I need form two English notes about active and passive voice?

1. Active voice: In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. For example, "The dog chased the cat." In this sentence, the subject "dog" is performing the action of chasing the cat.

2. Passive voice: In passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action. For example, "The cat was chased by the dog." In this sentence, the subject "cat" is receiving the action of being chased by the dog. Passive voice is often used when the focus is on the action rather than the doer of the action.

Active Voice

- Definition: The subject of the sentence performs the action.
- Formula: Subject + verb + object
- Example: The students wrote the essay. (Students performed the action of writing.)

Passive Voice

- Definition: The subject of the sentence receives the action.
- Formula: Object + be + past participle + by (optional) + agent
- Example: The essay was written by the students. (Essay received the action of being written; students performed the action.)

Key Differences:

| Feature | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | Performs the action | Receives the action |
| Action | Verb | Past participle |
| Agent (optional) | Usually expressed by the object | Expressed by "by" phrase |
| Emphasis | On the person/thing performing the action | On the person/thing receiving the action |

Reasons to Use Passive Voice:

- To emphasize the object or recipient of the action
- To avoid naming the agent or performer
- To indicate that the agent is unknown or unimportant

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