The internal energy of a system can be calculated using the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system:
ΔU = Q - W
Where: ΔU = change in internal energy Q = heat added to the system W = work done by the system
If there is no work done by the system (W = 0), then the change in internal energy is equal to the heat added to the system:
ΔU = Q
This equation can be used to calculate the internal energy of a system when the heat added to the system is known.