Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells). It involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in four daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
During meiosis, the DNA in the parent cell is replicated, and then the cell goes through two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This increases genetic diversity in the resulting daughter cells. The homologous chromosomes then separate and are distributed into two separate daughter cells.
In meiosis II, the two daughter cells from meiosis I undergo a second round of division, similar to mitosis. The sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and are distributed into separate daughter cells.
At the end of meiosis, four haploid daughter cells are produced, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. These daughter cells are genetically unique due to the crossing over that occurred during meiosis I.