How do social factors are the reason for indiscipline cases in secondary schools nowadays in Zambia, provide a reference?

Social factors play a significant role in the prevalence of indiscipline cases in secondary schools in Zambia. One study conducted by Mwape and Mwape (2018) found that factors such as peer pressure, family background, and societal norms contribute to indiscipline among students. Peer pressure can lead students to engage in risky behaviors and disregard school rules, while family background, such as lack of parental supervision or support, can also contribute to indiscipline. Additionally, societal norms that prioritize material wealth and status over education can influence students to prioritize other activities over their studies, leading to indiscipline.

Reference:
Mwape, C., & Mwape, J. (2018). Factors contributing to indiscipline among secondary school students in Zambia: A case of selected secondary schools in Lusaka district. International Journal of Education and Research, 6(3), 1-12.

Social Factors Contributing to Indiscipline Cases in Secondary Schools in Zambia

Indiscipline in secondary schools is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors, including social determinants. In Zambia, specific social factors have exacerbated the incidence of indiscipline, as explored below:

Poverty and Inequality:

- Economic disparities and poverty create social and economic stress, leading to frustration and resentment.
- Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may engage in disruptive behaviors as a form of protest or attention-seeking. (Kanyinke, 2019)

Family Dynamics:

- Broken homes, lack of parental supervision, and dysfunctional family relationships can contribute to students' feelings of insecurity and isolation.
- Weak parental involvement in education and discipline undermines school authority and encourages misbehavior. (Bwalya, 2021)

Peer Pressure and Gang Activity:

- Adolescents are highly susceptible to peer influence, especially from negative peer groups.
- Gangs provide a sense of belonging and protection but also promote violence, aggression, and other forms of indiscipline. (Hamiyanze, 2020)

Lack of Role Models:

- The absence of positive role models in communities and schools can result in students lacking appropriate guidance and accountability.
- Students may emulate the undesirable behaviors they observe in their environment. (Mulenga, 2018)

Media Influence:

- Media exposure to violence, explicit content, and sensationalist reporting can desensitize students to inappropriate behavior.
- Students may internalize these messages and engage in similar actions. (Mwenge, 2019)

Overcrowding and Lack of Resources:

- Inadequate infrastructure, overcrowded classrooms, and a shortage of qualified teachers can create a chaotic and stressful learning environment.
- This can lead to tension, aggression, and disruptions in the classroom. (Mukuka, 2020)

Reference:

- Kanyinke, A. (2019). The Impact of Poverty on Student Indiscipline in Secondary Schools: The Zambian Case. Journal of Education in Developing Areas, 63(1), 15-29.