Give the processes the East Africa colonies followed in order to gain their dependence ?

The East Africa colonies followed a series of processes in order to gain their independence from colonial rule. These processes included:

1. Nationalist movements: In the years leading up to independence, nationalist movements emerged in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda. These movements were led by local leaders who sought to end colonial rule and establish independent nations.

2. Political negotiations: As nationalist movements gained momentum, colonial powers began to engage in negotiations with local leaders to determine the terms of independence. These negotiations often involved the transfer of power from colonial authorities to local governments.

3. Constitutional reforms: In many cases, colonial powers implemented constitutional reforms that granted greater autonomy to the colonies and paved the way for independence. These reforms often included the establishment of representative governments and the recognition of local leaders as legitimate political figures.

4. Independence movements: In some cases, independence was achieved through armed struggle. Countries such as Kenya and Tanzania experienced violent conflicts as nationalist movements fought against colonial forces to gain their independence.

5. International pressure: The decolonization process in East Africa was also influenced by international pressure, particularly from the United Nations and other global organizations. These organizations advocated for the end of colonial rule and supported the rights of colonized peoples to self-determination.

Overall, the processes that East Africa colonies followed to gain their independence were complex and varied, but ultimately led to the establishment of independent nations in the region.

Processes Followed by East African Colonies to Gain Independence:

1. Formation of Nationalist Movements:
- Emergence of political organizations advocating for self-governance, such as TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) in Tanzania, UPC (Uganda People's Congress) in Uganda, and KANU (Kenya African National Union) in Kenya.

2. Passive Resistance and Non-Violent Protests:
- Peaceful demonstrations, boycotts, and strikes organized by nationalist leaders to pressure colonial authorities and raise awareness of independence aspirations.
- Examples include the Tanganyika African Association's anti-colonial campaign (1954-1958) and the Uganda National Movement's non-violent resistance (early 1960s).

3. Negotiations and Constitutional Changes:
- Dialogue between nationalist leaders and colonial governments led to constitutional reforms that gradually expanded African representation in legislative councils and gave way to increased self-governance.
- In Kenya, the Lancaster House Conferences (1960 and 1963) paved the way for independence.

4. Decolonization and Independence:
- As international pressure mounted and the tide of decolonization swept across Africa, European powers recognized the inevitability of independence.
- Tanganyika (later Tanzania) gained independence in 1961, Uganda in 1962, and Kenya in 1963.

5. Challenges and Post-Independence Transitions:
- The newly independent nations faced challenges such as economic development, nation-building, and balancing different ethnic and political interests.
- Nationalist leaders had to navigate the transition to self-governance and establish stable and democratic systems.

Additional Key Points:

- The process of independence varied in length and complexity depending on the specific colony.
- Some colonies, such as Zanzibar (later part of Tanzania), experienced armed uprisings that contributed to their independence.
- The United Nations played a role in setting guidelines for decolonization and supported the peaceful transition of power in former colonies.