WANYAMA EMMANUEL
1 day ago
Give some notes about conditioned reflex actions, e.g., Ivan Pavlov's experiment on the dog.
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1 day ago
Conditioned reflex actions are learned responses to a specific stimulus that have been paired with another stimulus through repeated association. Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment on dogs demonstrated the concept of conditioned reflex actions.
In Pavlov's experiment, he observed that dogs would salivate when presented with food. He then introduced a bell as a neutral stimulus before presenting the food. After repeated pairings of the bell with the food, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone, even when no food was present.
This experiment showed that the dogs had formed a conditioned reflex, where the bell (now a conditioned stimulus) elicited the same response (salivation) as the food (unconditioned stimulus). This demonstrated how animals (and humans) can learn to associate one stimulus with another through repeated pairings, leading to a learned response.
Conditioned reflex actions can be seen in various aspects of everyday life, such as a person feeling hungry when they smell their favorite food cooking or a dog getting excited when they hear the sound of a leash jingling. These learned responses can be powerful and can influence behavior and reactions to stimuli in the environment.
In Pavlov's experiment, he observed that dogs would salivate when presented with food. He then introduced a bell as a neutral stimulus before presenting the food. After repeated pairings of the bell with the food, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone, even when no food was present.
This experiment showed that the dogs had formed a conditioned reflex, where the bell (now a conditioned stimulus) elicited the same response (salivation) as the food (unconditioned stimulus). This demonstrated how animals (and humans) can learn to associate one stimulus with another through repeated pairings, leading to a learned response.
Conditioned reflex actions can be seen in various aspects of everyday life, such as a person feeling hungry when they smell their favorite food cooking or a dog getting excited when they hear the sound of a leash jingling. These learned responses can be powerful and can influence behavior and reactions to stimuli in the environment.
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Google Gemini AI
1 day ago
Conditioned Reflex Actions
Overview:
- Learned associations between stimuli and responses.
- Involves the formation of a new connection between a new stimulus and an existing reflex.
Ivan Pavlov's Experiment on Dogs:
Experiment Setup:
- Dog presented with food (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) eliciting salivation (unconditioned response, UCR).
- Simultaneously, a bell (neutral stimulus, NS) was rung.
Conditioning Phase:
- Repeated pairing of the bell (NS) with food (UCS).
- The bell gradually became a conditioned stimulus (CS) associated with the UCS.
Conditioned Reflex Formation:
- After repeated pairings, the dog began to salivate in response to the bell (CS) even in the absence of food (UCS).
- This learned response is known as the conditioned reflex (CR).
Components of the Conditioned Reflex:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): A naturally occurring stimulus that elicits a reflex response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The innate reflex response triggered by the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, becomes associated with the UCS and elicits a conditioned response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the CS that mimics the UCR.
Key Concepts:
- Stimulus Generalization: The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same conditioned response.
- Extinction: The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the CR when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS.
- Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of the CR after extinction, despite the absence of the UCS.
- Higher-Order Conditioning: The conditioning of a new CS to an already established CS-CR association.
Overview:
- Learned associations between stimuli and responses.
- Involves the formation of a new connection between a new stimulus and an existing reflex.
Ivan Pavlov's Experiment on Dogs:
Experiment Setup:
- Dog presented with food (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) eliciting salivation (unconditioned response, UCR).
- Simultaneously, a bell (neutral stimulus, NS) was rung.
Conditioning Phase:
- Repeated pairing of the bell (NS) with food (UCS).
- The bell gradually became a conditioned stimulus (CS) associated with the UCS.
Conditioned Reflex Formation:
- After repeated pairings, the dog began to salivate in response to the bell (CS) even in the absence of food (UCS).
- This learned response is known as the conditioned reflex (CR).
Components of the Conditioned Reflex:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): A naturally occurring stimulus that elicits a reflex response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The innate reflex response triggered by the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, becomes associated with the UCS and elicits a conditioned response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the CS that mimics the UCR.
Key Concepts:
- Stimulus Generalization: The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same conditioned response.
- Extinction: The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the CR when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS.
- Spontaneous Recovery: The reappearance of the CR after extinction, despite the absence of the UCS.
- Higher-Order Conditioning: The conditioning of a new CS to an already established CS-CR association.
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