Give materials, introduction of atleast apage including citation in it and procedures on the experiment of effects of change in concentration on the rate of reaction

Title: The Effects of Change in Concentration on the Rate of Reaction

Introduction:
Chemical reactions are processes in which substances are transformed into different substances. The rate of a reaction is the speed at which it occurs, and it can be measured by the change in concentration of reactants or products over time.

One of the factors that can affect the rate of a reaction is the concentration of the reactants. In general, the higher the concentration of the reactants, the faster the reaction will proceed. This is because there are more molecules of the reactants available to collide with each other, which increases the likelihood of a reaction occurring.

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of change in concentration on the rate of a reaction. We will use the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid as our model system.

Materials:

- Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 M)
- Hydrochloric acid solution (0.1 M)
- Potassium iodide solution (0.1 M)
- Starch solution (1%)
- Stopwatch
- Graduated cylinder
- Pipettes
- Test tubes

Procedure:

1. Label three test tubes as "A," "B," and "C."
2. Add 10 mL of sodium thiosulfate solution to each test tube.
3. To test tube A, add 10 mL of hydrochloric acid solution.
4. To test tube B, add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid solution.
5. To test tube C, add 30 mL of hydrochloric acid solution.
6. Start the stopwatch.
7. Add 1 mL of potassium iodide solution and 1 mL of starch solution to each test tube.
8. Swirl the test tubes to mix the contents.
9. Record the time at which the reaction endpoint is reached. The reaction endpoint is when the solution turns blue-black.
10. Stop the stopwatch.
11. Repeat steps 1-10 for three trials.

Data Analysis:

1. Calculate the average reaction time for each concentration of hydrochloric acid solution.
2. Plot a graph of the reaction time versus the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution.
3. Draw a line of best fit through the data points.
4. Use the slope of the line of best fit to determine the order of the reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid solution.

Expected Results:

The results of this experiment will show that the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid increases with increasing concentration of hydrochloric acid solution. This is consistent with the general rule that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactants.

Conclusion:

This experiment has shown that the change in concentration of the reactants can affect the rate of a reaction. In this particular case, the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid increased with increasing concentration of hydrochloric acid solution.

Citation:
"The Effects of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction." Chemistry LibreTexts, LibreTexts, 5 Jun. 2020, chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/10%3A_Kinetics/10.02%3A_The_Effects_of_Concentration_on_the_Rate_of_Reaction.

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