1. Advertising: Paid messages that are distributed through various channels such as television, radio, print, online, and social media to promote a product or service.
2. Public Relations: Building and maintaining a positive image and reputation for a company through media relations, press releases, events, and other communication strategies.
3. Sales Promotion: Short-term incentives such as discounts, coupons, contests, and giveaways to encourage customers to make a purchase or take a specific action.
4. Personal Selling: Direct communication between a salesperson and a potential customer to educate them about a product or service, address their needs and concerns, and ultimately persuade them to make a purchase.