BMN 27
Jan 10
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Jan 10
Fetal circulation refers to the circulation of blood in a developing fetus. The circulatory system of a fetus is quite different from that of a newborn or an adult.
In the fetus, oxygen and nutrients are obtained from the mother's blood through the placenta. The oxygenated blood from the mother enters the fetus through the umbilical vein, which carries it to the liver. From the liver, some of the blood flows into the inferior vena cava, while the rest bypasses the liver through a vessel called the ductus venosus.
The blood from the inferior vena cava then enters the right atrium of the fetal heart. From the right atrium, it passes through the foramen ovale, a hole in the septum (wall) between the two atria, and enters the left atrium. This allows oxygenated blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs.
From the left atrium, the blood enters the left ventricle and is pumped out into the systemic circulation through the aorta. Some of this oxygenated blood is sent to the brain and upper body, while the rest is directed to the lower body and the placenta through the descending aorta.
The deoxygenated blood from the upper body and the placenta returns to the right atrium through the superior vena cava and the umbilical arteries respectively. The blood in the right atrium is then directed to the right ventricle and pumped into the pulmonary artery. However, the majority of the blood in the pulmonary artery bypasses the non-functioning fetal lungs through a vessel called the ductus arteriosus and enters the descending aorta to reach the placenta.
In summary, fetal circulation involves the bypassing of the non-functioning lungs and the redirection of oxygenated blood to the vital organs and the placenta. The oxygenated blood originates from the mother's blood supply through the placenta and enters the fetus through the umbilical vein.
In the fetus, oxygen and nutrients are obtained from the mother's blood through the placenta. The oxygenated blood from the mother enters the fetus through the umbilical vein, which carries it to the liver. From the liver, some of the blood flows into the inferior vena cava, while the rest bypasses the liver through a vessel called the ductus venosus.
The blood from the inferior vena cava then enters the right atrium of the fetal heart. From the right atrium, it passes through the foramen ovale, a hole in the septum (wall) between the two atria, and enters the left atrium. This allows oxygenated blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs.
From the left atrium, the blood enters the left ventricle and is pumped out into the systemic circulation through the aorta. Some of this oxygenated blood is sent to the brain and upper body, while the rest is directed to the lower body and the placenta through the descending aorta.
The deoxygenated blood from the upper body and the placenta returns to the right atrium through the superior vena cava and the umbilical arteries respectively. The blood in the right atrium is then directed to the right ventricle and pumped into the pulmonary artery. However, the majority of the blood in the pulmonary artery bypasses the non-functioning fetal lungs through a vessel called the ductus arteriosus and enters the descending aorta to reach the placenta.
In summary, fetal circulation involves the bypassing of the non-functioning lungs and the redirection of oxygenated blood to the vital organs and the placenta. The oxygenated blood originates from the mother's blood supply through the placenta and enters the fetus through the umbilical vein.
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