1. Rule of law: In a democratic system, all individuals and institutions are subject to the law, and no one is above it.
2. Free and fair elections: Democratic governments are characterized by regular, free, and fair elections where citizens have the opportunity to choose their representatives.
3. Separation of powers: Democratic systems typically have a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
4. Protection of individual rights: Democratic governments protect the rights of individuals, including freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to a fair trial.
5. Accountability and transparency: Democratic governments are accountable to the people and are expected to operate in a transparent manner, with decisions and actions open to public scrutiny.
6. Pluralism: Democratic systems allow for a diversity of opinions and beliefs, with multiple political parties and interest groups competing for power.
7. Civilian control of the military: In a democratic system, the military is subordinate to civilian authority, ensuring that the government is ultimately controlled by elected representatives.
8. Peaceful transfer of power: In a democratic system, power is transferred peacefully through elections, rather than through force or violence.
9. Checks and balances: Democratic systems often have mechanisms in place to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful, such as the ability of the judiciary to review the constitutionality of laws passed by the legislature.
10. Respect for the rule of law: In a democratic system, the government is bound by the rule of law and must operate within the limits set by the constitution.