Factors that determine self-esteem:

1. Childhood experiences: Early experiences with caregivers, peers, and other significant people in a person's life can greatly impact their self-esteem. Positive experiences, such as receiving praise and encouragement, can boost self-esteem, while negative experiences, such as criticism or neglect, can lower it.

2. Social relationships: The quality of a person's relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners can also influence their self-esteem. Supportive and positive relationships can help boost self-esteem, while toxic or abusive relationships can lower it.

3. Personal achievements: Accomplishments in various areas of life, such as academics, career, sports, or hobbies, can contribute to a person's self-esteem. Achieving goals and overcoming challenges can boost self-esteem, while experiencing failure or setbacks can lower it.

4. Body image: How a person perceives their physical appearance can also impact their self-esteem. Society's standards of beauty and unrealistic expectations can lead to body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem, especially in individuals who do not meet these standards.

5. Cultural and societal influences: Cultural norms, values, and beliefs can shape a person's self-esteem. Societal messages about success, beauty, and worth can influence how individuals view themselves and their self-worth.

6. Personality traits: Certain personality traits, such as confidence, resilience, and self-compassion, can contribute to higher self-esteem. On the other hand, traits like perfectionism, self-criticism, and low self-confidence can lower self-esteem.

7. Mental health issues: Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, can impact self-esteem. These conditions can distort a person's perception of themselves and lead to negative self-beliefs.

8. Traumatic experiences: Trauma, such as abuse, neglect, or other adverse events, can have a lasting impact on a person's self-esteem. Trauma survivors may struggle with feelings of worthlessness, shame, and self-blame, which can lower their self-esteem.

Internal Factors:

- Self-efficacy: Belief in one's abilities to achieve desired outcomes.
- Self-concept: Beliefs and perceptions about one's own identity, strengths, and weaknesses.
- Body image: Satisfaction with one's physical appearance.
- Personality traits: Traits such as extroversion, optimism, and resilience contribute to higher self-esteem.
- Mental health: Conditions like anxiety, depression, and low mood can negatively impact self-esteem.

External Factors:

- Childhood experiences: Positive and supportive relationships with parents, caregivers, and peers lay the foundation for high self-esteem.
- Social environment: Cultural factors, peer pressure, and societal expectations can influence self-esteem.
- Success and accomplishments: Achieving goals and receiving recognition can boost self-esteem.
- Feedback and criticism: Constructive feedback can help individuals improve and gain confidence, while negative criticism can damage self-esteem.
- Comparison with others: Constantly comparing oneself to others can lead to downward social comparisons and lower self-esteem.

Cognitive Factors:

- Attributions: The way people explain their successes and failures influences their self-esteem. Internal, stable, and global attributions (e.g., "I am a good student") promote higher self-esteem.
- Self-talk: Positive or negative thoughts and beliefs about oneself can shape self-esteem.
- Goal setting: Setting challenging but achievable goals can provide a sense of accomplishment and boost self-esteem.

Behavioral Factors:

- Self-care: Engaging in activities that promote well-being, such as exercise, healthy eating, and sleep, can enhance self-esteem.
- Assertiveness: Standing up for oneself and expressing one's opinions can contribute to a stronger sense of self-worth.
- Resilience: The ability to bounce back from adversity and learn from mistakes can build self-confidence.