Extenal and internal drivers of African nationalism?

External drivers of African nationalism include colonialism and imperialism, which imposed foreign rule and exploitation on African countries, leading to a sense of unity and resistance against foreign domination. The struggle for independence from colonial powers also played a significant role in fostering a sense of nationalism among African people.

Internal drivers of African nationalism include cultural and ethnic identities, as well as shared experiences of oppression and exploitation under colonial rule. Pan-Africanism, which emphasized the unity and solidarity of all African people, also played a key role in promoting nationalism across the continent.

Other internal drivers of African nationalism include economic disparities, social injustices, and political marginalization, which fueled a desire for self-determination and independence among African populations. The desire for self-governance and the establishment of democratic institutions also played a significant role in driving African nationalism.