Explain why 1.the rate of breathing increase quickly during exercise? 2.is better to breath through nose than through the mouse 3.how are respiratory surfaces adapted to their role? Give five points ?

1. The rate of breathing increases quickly during exercise because the body requires more oxygen to fuel the muscles and remove carbon dioxide produced during physical activity. The increased breathing rate helps to deliver more oxygen to the muscles and remove waste products more efficiently.

2. It is better to breathe through the nose than through the mouth because the nose acts as a natural filter, warming and humidifying the air before it reaches the lungs. Breathing through the nose also helps to regulate the flow of air and prevent hyperventilation.

3. Respiratory surfaces are adapted to their role in several ways:

- Large surface area: Respiratory surfaces, such as the alveoli in the lungs, have a large surface area to maximize the exchange of gases between the air and the blood.
- Thin membrane: The respiratory surfaces are thin to allow for rapid diffusion of gases across the membrane.
- Moist surface: The respiratory surfaces are moist to help dissolve gases and facilitate their exchange.
- Rich blood supply: Respiratory surfaces have a rich blood supply to transport gases to and from the tissues.
- Protective mechanisms: Respiratory surfaces have mechanisms to protect against harmful substances, such as mucus and cilia in the respiratory tract.

1. Why does the rate of breathing increase quickly during exercise?

- During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen increases significantly to support the increased energy requirements of the muscles.
- As oxygen is consumed, the levels of carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, increase in the blood.
- The increase in carbon dioxide triggers the chemoreceptors in the brain and in the carotid and aortic arteries, which relay signals to the respiratory center.
- The respiratory center increases the rate and depth of breathing to expel more carbon dioxide and take in more oxygen.

2. Why is it better to breathe through the nose than through the mouth?

- The nasal passages humidify, warm, and filter the air before it reaches the lungs.
- Humidification prevents the drying out of the delicate lung tissues, which can lead to irritation and damage.
- Warming the air helps to prevent heat loss, especially in cold environments.
- The hairs and mucus in the nasal passages help to trap and remove particles, bacteria, and other potential irritants.
- Breathing through the nose also promotes better sleep and reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections.

3. How are respiratory surfaces adapted to their role? Give five points.

- Extensive surface area: Respiratory surfaces have a large surface area to increase the contact between the air and the bloodstream. This maximizes gas exchange.
- Thinness: Respiratory surfaces are very thin to facilitate the diffusion of gases between the air and the blood.
- Moisture: Respiratory surfaces are moist to dissolve gases and create a moist environment for efficient diffusion.
- Capillary network: Respiratory surfaces have a dense network of capillaries to bring blood close to the respiratory surface, allowing for efficient gas exchange.
- Specialized structures: Some respiratory surfaces, such as the lungs, have specialized structures like alveoli that increase the surface area for gas exchange.