Explain three government laws and policies that guide and control educational resources at schools. Give examples.

1. Title IX: Title IX is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding. This law ensures that schools provide equal opportunities for both male and female students in terms of resources, facilities, and educational programs. For example, schools must provide equal access to sports teams and facilities for both male and female students.

2. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): IDEA is a federal law that ensures students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education. This law requires schools to provide resources and support services to students with disabilities to help them succeed academically. For example, schools must provide accommodations such as specialized instruction, assistive technology, and individualized education plans (IEPs) for students with disabilities.

3. No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB): NCLB was a federal law that aimed to improve student achievement and hold schools accountable for their performance. This law required schools to meet certain academic standards and provide resources to help struggling students improve their performance. For example, schools were required to administer standardized tests to assess student progress and provide additional support to students who were not meeting academic benchmarks.

1. No Child Left Behind Act (2002)

- Law: Requires schools to meet annual progress targets for student achievement, particularly in reading and math.
- Policy: Schools that fail to meet targets face sanctions, such as restructuring or closing.
- Example: Schools may be required to provide additional tutoring or implement new teaching methods to improve student performance.

2. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1975)

- Law: Ensures that all students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education.
- Policy: Schools must provide individualized education programs (IEPs) tailored to students' needs.
- Example: A student with dyslexia may receive extra time on tests or specialized reading instruction.

3. Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) (2015)

- Law: Replaced No Child Left Behind, giving states more flexibility in setting educational goals.
- Policy: States must develop their own plans for assessing student progress and improving low-performing schools.
- Example: A state may choose to focus on reducing chronic absenteeism or increasing access to early childhood education.