Explain the working principle of a pitot startic tube?

A pitot-static tube is a device used to measure the velocity and pressure of a fluid, typically air. It consists of two tubes: a pitot tube and a static tube.

The pitot tube has a small opening facing the oncoming fluid flow. This opening is called the pitot port. As the fluid flows into the pitot port, it creates a pressure difference between the pitot tube and the surrounding air. This pressure difference is known as the dynamic pressure and is directly proportional to the velocity of the fluid. The dynamic pressure is measured using a pressure sensor located inside the pitot tube.

The static tube, on the other hand, has multiple small openings called static ports. These ports are positioned perpendicular to the fluid flow and are exposed to the surrounding air pressure. The static ports measure the static pressure of the fluid, which is the pressure exerted by the fluid when it is not in motion.

By comparing the dynamic pressure measured by the pitot tube and the static pressure measured by the static tube, the velocity of the fluid can be determined using Bernoulli's equation. Bernoulli's equation states that the total pressure of a fluid is the sum of its dynamic pressure and static pressure.

In summary, the pitot-static tube works by measuring the dynamic pressure using the pitot tube and the static pressure using the static tube. By comparing these two pressures, the velocity of the fluid can be calculated. This principle is commonly used in various applications, such as aircraft speed measurement, weather monitoring, and fluid flow analysis.