Explain the disadvantages of pictorial representation of geographical data according to various scholars with references.

1. Lack of precision: According to Robinson (1952), pictorial representation of geographical data may lack precision and accuracy compared to other forms of data visualization such as maps or graphs. This can lead to misinterpretation of the data and potentially incorrect conclusions.

2. Subjectivity: Tufte (1983) argues that pictorial representations of geographical data can be highly subjective, as they rely on the interpretation and artistic skills of the creator. This subjectivity can introduce bias and distort the true meaning of the data.

3. Limited scalability: MacEachren (1995) points out that pictorial representations of geographical data may not be easily scalable, meaning that they may not be suitable for representing large or complex datasets. This can limit the usefulness of such visualizations for analyzing and understanding spatial patterns.

4. Lack of standardization: Due to the subjective nature of pictorial representations, there may be a lack of standardization in terms of symbols, colors, and scales used. This can make it difficult for viewers to compare different visualizations or for researchers to replicate and verify results.

5. Difficulty in data interpretation: Batty (2005) highlights that pictorial representations of geographical data may be difficult for viewers to interpret, especially if they are unfamiliar with the symbols or visual language used. This can lead to confusion and miscommunication of the data.

In conclusion, while pictorial representations of geographical data can be visually appealing and engaging, they may have several disadvantages such as lack of precision, subjectivity, limited scalability, lack of standardization, and difficulty in data interpretation. Researchers and practitioners should carefully consider these limitations when choosing the appropriate visualization method for their data.