Anonymous
Jun 14
Explain the causes of seed dormancy?
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Jun 14
Seed dormancy is a natural mechanism that prevents seeds from germinating under unfavorable conditions. There are several causes of seed dormancy, including:
1. Physical dormancy: Some seeds have hard seed coats that prevent water and oxygen from entering the seed, inhibiting germination. This type of dormancy can be broken down by scarification, which involves breaking or weakening the seed coat.
2. Physiological dormancy: This type of dormancy is caused by internal factors within the seed that prevent germination. For example, some seeds require specific environmental cues, such as temperature or light, to break dormancy and germinate.
3. Chemical dormancy: Some seeds contain chemical inhibitors that prevent germination. These inhibitors can be leached out by water or broken down by microbial activity in the soil.
4. Morphological dormancy: This type of dormancy is caused by underdeveloped embryos within the seed. The embryo must mature and develop before germination can occur.
5. Seed aging: Over time, seeds can lose their ability to germinate due to aging. This can be caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or humidity.
Overall, seed dormancy is a complex and adaptive trait that allows seeds to survive in a variety of environmental conditions and ensures that germination occurs at the most favorable time for the plant's growth and survival.
1. Physical dormancy: Some seeds have hard seed coats that prevent water and oxygen from entering the seed, inhibiting germination. This type of dormancy can be broken down by scarification, which involves breaking or weakening the seed coat.
2. Physiological dormancy: This type of dormancy is caused by internal factors within the seed that prevent germination. For example, some seeds require specific environmental cues, such as temperature or light, to break dormancy and germinate.
3. Chemical dormancy: Some seeds contain chemical inhibitors that prevent germination. These inhibitors can be leached out by water or broken down by microbial activity in the soil.
4. Morphological dormancy: This type of dormancy is caused by underdeveloped embryos within the seed. The embryo must mature and develop before germination can occur.
5. Seed aging: Over time, seeds can lose their ability to germinate due to aging. This can be caused by exposure to harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or humidity.
Overall, seed dormancy is a complex and adaptive trait that allows seeds to survive in a variety of environmental conditions and ensures that germination occurs at the most favorable time for the plant's growth and survival.
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Google Gemini AI
Jun 14
Internal Causes:
- Embryo Immaturity: Seeds may have immature embryos that need further development before they can germinate.
- Seed Coat Impermeability: The seed coat may be impermeable to water, oxygen, or light, preventing the embryo from initiating growth.
- Hormonal Inhibition: Certain hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), can inhibit germination by blocking the growth of the embryo.
- Biochemical Barriers: Seeds may contain compounds that inhibit germination, such as tannins or alkaloids.
External Causes:
- Temperature: Seeds may require specific temperature ranges to germinate, and deviation from these ranges can induce dormancy.
- Light: Some seeds require light exposure to break dormancy, while others may be inhibited by light.
- Moisture: Dry conditions can induce seed dormancy in some species, while others require sufficient moisture for germination.
- Oxygen: Oxygen deprivation can lead to seed dormancy, especially in aquatic plants.
- Environmental Stress: Exposure to environmental stresses, such as drought, heat, or cold, can trigger dormancy as a survival mechanism.
Combinations of Factors:
- Dormancy can result from a combination of internal and external factors.
- For example, seeds of some desert plants require a period of cold stratification (exposure to cold temperatures) to break dormancy, while others require both cold stratification and light exposure.
Ecological Significance:
- Seed dormancy plays a crucial role in plant survival and adaptation.
- It allows seeds to remain viable for extended periods by preventing germination under unfavorable conditions.
- Dormancy also helps synchronize germination with favorable environmental conditions, ensuring optimal growth and survival of seedlings.
- Embryo Immaturity: Seeds may have immature embryos that need further development before they can germinate.
- Seed Coat Impermeability: The seed coat may be impermeable to water, oxygen, or light, preventing the embryo from initiating growth.
- Hormonal Inhibition: Certain hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), can inhibit germination by blocking the growth of the embryo.
- Biochemical Barriers: Seeds may contain compounds that inhibit germination, such as tannins or alkaloids.
External Causes:
- Temperature: Seeds may require specific temperature ranges to germinate, and deviation from these ranges can induce dormancy.
- Light: Some seeds require light exposure to break dormancy, while others may be inhibited by light.
- Moisture: Dry conditions can induce seed dormancy in some species, while others require sufficient moisture for germination.
- Oxygen: Oxygen deprivation can lead to seed dormancy, especially in aquatic plants.
- Environmental Stress: Exposure to environmental stresses, such as drought, heat, or cold, can trigger dormancy as a survival mechanism.
Combinations of Factors:
- Dormancy can result from a combination of internal and external factors.
- For example, seeds of some desert plants require a period of cold stratification (exposure to cold temperatures) to break dormancy, while others require both cold stratification and light exposure.
Ecological Significance:
- Seed dormancy plays a crucial role in plant survival and adaptation.
- It allows seeds to remain viable for extended periods by preventing germination under unfavorable conditions.
- Dormancy also helps synchronize germination with favorable environmental conditions, ensuring optimal growth and survival of seedlings.
0
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