Explain the basic operation of pneumatic brakes on a heavy track?

Pneumatic brakes on a heavy track work by using compressed air to apply pressure to brake shoes or pads, which then press against the wheels of the train to slow it down or bring it to a stop.

The system consists of an air compressor that generates compressed air, which is stored in a reservoir. When the engineer applies the brakes, the compressed air is released from the reservoir and flows through a series of pipes and valves to the brake cylinders located on each car of the train.

The brake cylinders contain pistons that are connected to the brake shoes or pads. When the compressed air enters the brake cylinders, it pushes the pistons outward, causing the brake shoes or pads to press against the wheels and create friction, which slows down the train.

The amount of braking force applied can be controlled by adjusting the pressure of the compressed air in the system. The engineer can release the brakes by releasing the pressure in the system, allowing the brake shoes or pads to retract from the wheels and the train to resume its normal speed.

Overall, pneumatic brakes on a heavy track provide a reliable and efficient way to control the speed and stopping of a train, ensuring the safety of passengers and cargo.