Explain principle operation of transformer?

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary coils, which are wound around a common magnetic core.

When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field around the coil. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil through electromagnetic induction. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines the voltage ratio between the input and output circuits.

The transformer operates based on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby conductor. This allows the transformer to step up or step down the voltage level of the electrical energy being transferred between circuits.

In summary, the principle operation of a transformer involves the transfer of electrical energy between circuits through the use of electromagnetic induction and a changing magnetic field.