Explain different causes of poverty.

1. Lack of education: People who lack education may have limited job opportunities and may not be able to earn a sufficient income to support themselves and their families.

2. Unemployment: High levels of unemployment can lead to poverty as individuals are unable to earn a steady income to meet their basic needs.

3. Low wages: Even for those who are employed, low wages can contribute to poverty as individuals may struggle to afford basic necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare.

4. Discrimination: Discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, or disability can limit individuals' access to education, employment, and other opportunities, leading to poverty.

5. Health issues: Illness or disability can prevent individuals from working or can result in high medical expenses, pushing them into poverty.

6. Lack of access to basic services: People living in rural or remote areas may lack access to basic services such as healthcare, clean water, and education, which can perpetuate poverty.

7. Natural disasters and conflicts: Natural disasters, such as hurricanes or earthquakes, and conflicts can destroy infrastructure, disrupt economies, and displace populations, leading to poverty.

8. Economic policies: Economic policies that favor the wealthy or neglect the needs of the poor can exacerbate poverty by widening income inequality and limiting opportunities for economic advancement.

Individual Factors:

- Low education and skills: Limited education and job skills can limit earning potential.
- Health problems: Chronic health issues can hinder work productivity and lead to high medical expenses.
- Disabilities: Physical, cognitive, or mental disabilities can limit employment opportunities.
- Substance abuse: Addiction to drugs or alcohol can interfere with work performance and lead to job loss.
- Mental health issues: Depression, anxiety, and other mental health challenges can impair judgment and impact earning capacity.

Structural Factors:

- Discrimination: Prejudice and bias based on race, gender, religion, or other characteristics can restrict access to employment, education, and housing.
- Job loss and underemployment: Economic downturns, technological advancements, and globalization can lead to job losses and low-paying jobs.
- High housing costs: Inaccessible housing prices can consume a large portion of income, leaving families struggling to meet other basic needs.
- Lack of transportation: Limited access to reliable transportation can prevent people from reaching job opportunities or educational institutions.
- Childcare expenses: The high cost of childcare can pose a significant barrier to employment, especially for single parents.

Societal Factors:

- Income inequality: Unequal distribution of wealth and resources creates disparities in access to education, healthcare, and other essential services.
- Lack of social safety nets: Weak or non-existent social welfare programs fail to provide adequate support for individuals and families in need.
- Intergenerational poverty: Poverty can be passed down through generations due to limited opportunities and resources.
- Homelessness: Unstable housing conditions make it difficult to maintain employment, access healthcare, or pursue education.
- Political instability: War, conflict, and authoritarian regimes can disrupt economies and undermine social welfare systems.

Environmental Factors:

- Climate change: Natural disasters and environmental degradation can displace people, damage livelihoods, and disrupt economies.
- Resource depletion: Limited access to natural resources, such as water, land, or minerals, can hinder economic development and livelihoods.
- Environmental pollution: Air and water pollution can have adverse health effects, reducing productivity and increasing healthcare expenses.