Classification of Engineering Geological Maps
Engineering geological maps provide detailed geological information relevant for engineering and construction projects. They are classified based on several factors:
1. Scale:
- Large-Scale Maps: Highly detailed and depict local areas with scales ranging from 1:500 to 1:10,000.
- Medium-Scale Maps: Intermediate in detail with scales typically ranging from 1:10,000 to 1:50,000.
- Small-Scale Maps: Provide regional coverage with scales generally larger than 1:50,000.
2. Purpose:
- Geotechnical Maps: Focus on subsurface conditions, such as soil and rock properties, groundwater levels, and potential hazards.
- Construction Maps: Designed to guide construction activities, such as site planning, foundation design, and excavation planning.
- Environmental Maps: Emphasize the relationship between geology and environmental issues, such as slope stability, erosion, and groundwater contamination.
3. Content:
- Lithological Maps: Depict the distribution and characteristics of different rock types.
- Structural Maps: Show geological structures, such as faults, folds, and joints.
- Geomorphological Maps: Describe landforms and surface processes that influence engineering design.
- Hydrogeological Maps: Focus on water resources, groundwater flow conditions, and potential water hazards.
- Geotechnical Hazard Maps: Identify areas susceptible to landslides, earthquakes, subsidence, or other geological hazards.
4. Emphasis:
- Regional Engineering Geological Maps: Cover large areas and provide an overview of geological conditions influencing regional development.
- Site-Specific Engineering Geological Maps: Highly detailed and focused on specific construction or infrastructure projects.
5. Source Data:
- Field Investigations: Based on direct observations, sampling, and testing conducted in the field.
- Remote Sensing Data: Utilizing satellite imagery, aerial photography, and geophysical surveys to supplement field data.
- Existing Data: Incorporating geological information from previous studies and databases.