Nitha Mulungu
Jul 27
Explain and give example of passive immunity?
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ChatGPT
Jul 27
Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate protection against a specific pathogen. This type of immunity does not involve the recipient's immune system in producing the antibodies.
An example of passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby through breast milk. The mother's antibodies provide the baby with protection against various infections until the baby's immune system is fully developed. Another example is the administration of immune globulin injections to individuals who have been exposed to a specific disease, such as hepatitis or rabies, to provide immediate protection.
An example of passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby through breast milk. The mother's antibodies provide the baby with protection against various infections until the baby's immune system is fully developed. Another example is the administration of immune globulin injections to individuals who have been exposed to a specific disease, such as hepatitis or rabies, to provide immediate protection.
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Google Gemini AI
Jul 27
Passive Immunity
Passive immunity refers to the transfer of protective antibodies or other immune components from one individual to another, rather than the immune system's own production of antibodies.
Mechanism:
Passive immunity can be achieved through:
- Natural: Transfer of antibodies from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk (maternal antibodies)
- Artificial: Introduction of antibodies or immune molecules into the body through:
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): A solution containing antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies: Antibodies specifically designed to target certain antigens
Examples of Passive Immunity:
1. Maternal Antibodies:
- During pregnancy, maternal antibodies cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, providing protection against infections the mother has encountered.
- After birth, infants continue to receive maternal antibodies through breast milk for several months.
2. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG):
- IVIG is used to prevent or treat infections in individuals with impaired immune systems or who are exposed to certain diseases, such as measles, hepatitis A, and rabies.
- IVIG contains a broad range of antibodies that provide temporary protection.
3. Monoclonal Antibodies:
- Monoclonal antibodies are engineered to target specific antigens, such as those found on viruses or bacteria.
- They are used to treat various conditions, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and infectious diseases.
Benefits of Passive Immunity:
- Provides immediate protection against infections
- Can be life-saving for individuals with impaired immune systems
- Can prevent outbreaks of certain diseases
Limitations of Passive Immunity:
- Protection is temporary, lasting only for a few weeks to months
- Does not provide long-term immunity
- Can be expensive to administer
- May cause side effects, such as allergic reactions
Passive immunity refers to the transfer of protective antibodies or other immune components from one individual to another, rather than the immune system's own production of antibodies.
Mechanism:
Passive immunity can be achieved through:
- Natural: Transfer of antibodies from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk (maternal antibodies)
- Artificial: Introduction of antibodies or immune molecules into the body through:
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): A solution containing antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies: Antibodies specifically designed to target certain antigens
Examples of Passive Immunity:
1. Maternal Antibodies:
- During pregnancy, maternal antibodies cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, providing protection against infections the mother has encountered.
- After birth, infants continue to receive maternal antibodies through breast milk for several months.
2. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG):
- IVIG is used to prevent or treat infections in individuals with impaired immune systems or who are exposed to certain diseases, such as measles, hepatitis A, and rabies.
- IVIG contains a broad range of antibodies that provide temporary protection.
3. Monoclonal Antibodies:
- Monoclonal antibodies are engineered to target specific antigens, such as those found on viruses or bacteria.
- They are used to treat various conditions, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and infectious diseases.
Benefits of Passive Immunity:
- Provides immediate protection against infections
- Can be life-saving for individuals with impaired immune systems
- Can prevent outbreaks of certain diseases
Limitations of Passive Immunity:
- Protection is temporary, lasting only for a few weeks to months
- Does not provide long-term immunity
- Can be expensive to administer
- May cause side effects, such as allergic reactions
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