- Operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux)
- Compilers (e.g., GCC, Clang, Java Compiler)
- Interpreters (e.g., Python Interpreter, JavaScript Interpreter)
- Assemblers (e.g., NASM, GAS)
- Loaders (e.g., ld, objcopy)
- Linkers (e.g., ld, gold)
- Debuggers (e.g., gdb, lldb)
- Profilers (e.g., gprof, valgrind)
- Performance monitoring tools (e.g., perf, perfmon)
- System monitoring tools (e.g., top, htop, uptime)
- Backup and recovery tools (e.g., tar, gzip, rsync)
- Security tools (e.g., antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection system)
- Network management tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, ipconfig)
- Database management systems (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database)
- Web servers (e.g., Apache HTTP Server, Nginx, IIS)
- Email servers (e.g., Postfix, Exim, Sendmail)
- File servers (e.g., Samba, NFS, AFP)
- Print servers (e.g., CUPS, LPD)
- Virtualization software (e.g., VMware, VirtualBox, KVM)
- Cloud computing platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP)