1. Convenience sampling: Participants are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the study. This method is often used in situations where it is difficult to obtain a random sample.
2. Snowball sampling: Participants are recruited through referrals from existing participants. This method is commonly used in studies where the population of interest is hard to reach or identify.
3. Quota sampling: Researchers divide the population into subgroups based on certain characteristics and then select participants from each subgroup to ensure that the sample is representative of the population.
4. Purposive sampling: Participants are selected based on specific criteria that are relevant to the research question. This method is often used in qualitative research to ensure that participants have the necessary knowledge or experience to provide valuable insights.
5. Judgmental sampling: Researchers use their own judgment to select participants who they believe will provide valuable information for the study. This method is subjective and may introduce bias into the sample.