1. Inflammation: Inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, cellulitis, or vasculitis can cause fluid buildup and lead to edema. 2. Injury: Trauma or injury to a specific body part can cause localized edema due to damage to blood vessels or lymphatic system. 3. Heart failure: When the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, it can lead to fluid retention and edema, especially in the legs, ankles, and feet. 4. Kidney disease: Impaired kidney function can result in fluid retention and edema, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering excess fluid from the body. 5. Liver disease: Liver cirrhosis or other liver conditions can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen and lower extremities. 6. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased blood volume during pregnancy can cause fluid retention and edema, particularly in the legs and feet. 7. Medications: Certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or corticosteroids, can cause fluid retention and edema as a side effect. 8. Venous insufficiency: When the veins in the legs are unable to efficiently return blood to the heart, it can lead to fluid buildup and edema. 9. Lymphatic system disorders: Conditions like lymphedema, where the lymphatic system is impaired, can result in fluid accumulation and edema. 10. Allergic reactions: Severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, can cause generalized edema due to the release of histamine and increased permeability of blood vessels.