1. Glossitis: Inflammation of the tongue, which can cause pain, swelling, and changes in the appearance of the tongue's surface. 2. Geographic tongue: A condition where patches on the tongue's surface appear smooth, red, and have a map-like pattern. These patches can change in location and size over time. 3. Thrush: A fungal infection caused by Candida yeast, resulting in white patches on the tongue and inside the mouth. It can cause discomfort and difficulty in swallowing. 4. Burning mouth syndrome: A condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, including the tongue, without any apparent cause. It can also cause dry mouth and altered taste perception. 5. Oral cancer: Although not specific to the tongue, it can affect the tongue as well. Symptoms may include persistent tongue ulcers, pain, difficulty in swallowing, and changes in speech.