Effects of refraction?

1. Change in direction: Refraction causes light rays to change direction as they pass from one medium to another. This can result in the bending of light rays, which is why objects may appear distorted or shifted when viewed through a different medium.

2. Change in speed: Refraction also causes a change in the speed of light as it passes through different mediums. Light travels at different speeds in different materials, which can result in the bending of light rays and the creation of optical illusions.

3. Dispersion: Refraction can also cause dispersion, which is the separation of light into its component colors. This is why rainbows are formed when sunlight is refracted and dispersed by raindrops in the atmosphere.

4. Lens effects: Refraction is the basis for the functioning of lenses, which are used in cameras, eyeglasses, and other optical devices. Lenses work by refracting light rays to focus them at a specific point, allowing for magnification or correction of vision.

5. Mirage: Refraction can also create mirages, which are optical illusions that occur when light rays are bent by temperature gradients in the atmosphere. This can cause distant objects to appear distorted or displaced, creating the illusion of water or other phenomena where none exist.