Draw the cross section of dicot and monocot stem and briefly explain each?

A dicot stem has a distinct arrangement of vascular bundles, with a ring of vascular bundles surrounding a central pith. The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, with xylem located towards the center and phloem towards the outside. The xylem vessels are larger and arranged in a star shape, while the phloem vessels are smaller and located in between the xylem. This arrangement provides structural support and allows for efficient transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant.

A monocot stem, on the other hand, has scattered vascular bundles throughout the stem. The vascular bundles are arranged in a random pattern, with no distinct ring or pith. The xylem and phloem are interspersed throughout the stem, with no clear organization. This arrangement provides flexibility and allows for even distribution of nutrients and water throughout the stem.

In summary, the cross section of a dicot stem shows a ring of vascular bundles with a central pith, while the cross section of a monocot stem shows scattered vascular bundles throughout the stem.

Dicot Stem Cross Section

- Epidermis: Single layer of rectangular cells that protects the stem.
- Cortex: Thick, parenchymatous region with vascular bundles embedded in it.
- Endodermis: Single layer of barrel-shaped cells with Casparian strips, a waterproof boundary that controls water uptake.
- Pericycle: One or more layers of cells outside the vascular cylinder, may give rise to lateral roots.
- Vascular cylinder: Consists of a central pith, surrounded by a ring of vascular bundles alternating with vascular rays.
- Vascular bundles: Concentric rings of xylem (inner) and phloem (outer).

Monocot Stem Cross Section

- Epidermis: Single layer of elongated, thin-walled cells.
- Ground tissue: Parenchymatous region with scattered vascular bundles.
- Vascular bundles: Scattered throughout the ground tissue, surrounded by a sheath of sclerenchyma (mechanical tissue).
- Xylem and phloem: Located within the vascular bundles, forming a collateral arrangement (xylem towards the center, phloem towards the periphery).

Key Differences

- Vascular bundles: Dicots have alternating rings of vascular bundles separated by vascular rays, while monocots have scattered vascular bundles.
- Xylem and phloem arrangement: In dicots, xylem and phloem are arranged in concentric rings, while in monocots, they are arranged in a collateral arrangement.
- Endodermis: Dicots have a well-defined endodermis, while monocots typically lack one.

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