Langue and parole are two concepts introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure to explain the structure and function of language.
Langue refers to the underlying system or structure of a language, including its grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. It is the abstract, idealized form of language that exists in the minds of speakers and allows them to communicate with each other. Langue is shared by all speakers of a language and provides the rules and conventions that govern how language is used.
Parole, on the other hand, refers to the actual use of language in speech or writing by individual speakers. It is the concrete, individual manifestation of langue and is influenced by factors such as context, audience, and personal style. Parole is unique to each speaker and can vary widely in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
In summary, langue is the abstract system of language that exists in the minds of speakers, while parole is the actual use of language by individual speakers in specific contexts.