Discuss the historical background of public health for international, regional and national level ?

Public health has a long history that dates back to ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans who recognized the importance of sanitation and clean water in preventing disease. However, the modern concept of public health as a field of study and practice emerged in the 19th century with the rise of industrialization and urbanization.

At the international level, the first major milestone in public health was the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948. The WHO is the leading global authority on public health and works to promote health, prevent disease, and improve healthcare systems around the world. The WHO has played a key role in coordinating international efforts to address major public health challenges such as infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and non-communicable diseases.

At the regional level, organizations such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) work to address public health issues specific to their regions. These organizations provide technical assistance, conduct research, and coordinate efforts to improve public health outcomes in their respective regions.

At the national level, public health is typically the responsibility of government agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States or the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. These agencies are responsible for monitoring public health trends, implementing public health interventions, and providing healthcare services to the population.

Overall, public health has evolved over time to address the changing health needs of populations at the international, regional, and national levels. Advances in technology, medicine, and public health policy have led to significant improvements in health outcomes and life expectancy around the world. However, challenges such as emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and health inequalities continue to pose significant threats to public health and require ongoing efforts to address.