Differentiation between ionization and dissociation.

Ionization refers to the process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing electrons. This can occur through various methods such as exposure to high-energy radiation or collisions with other particles.

Dissociation, on the other hand, refers to the breaking apart of a molecule into its constituent atoms or smaller molecules. This can occur through chemical reactions, such as when a compound is dissolved in water and breaks apart into its ions.

In summary, ionization involves the conversion of an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing electrons, while dissociation involves the breaking apart of a molecule into its constituent parts.

Ionization

- Occurs when an atom or molecule loses or gains electrons, resulting in the formation of ions.
- Does not involve the breaking of covalent bonds.
- Typically occurs in gases and highly polar solvents.
- Creates charged particles with a net electrical charge.
- Examples: Na → Na+ + e-, HCl → H+ + Cl-

Dissociation

- Occurs when a compound breaks into smaller ions or molecules.
- Involves the breaking of covalent or ionic bonds.
- Typically occurs in solutions or pure liquids.
- Creates neutral molecules or ions with no net electrical charge.
- Examples: NaCl (s) → Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq), CH3COOH (aq) → CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)

Key Differences

| Feature | Ionization | Dissociation |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Loss/gain of electrons | Breaking of bonds |
| Charged particles | Ions | Neutral or charged ions |
| Occurrence | Gases, polar solvents | Solutions, liquids |
| Bonds | No bond breakage | Bond breakage |
| Net electrical charge | Yes | No |