| Characteristic | Physical Hazard | Economic Hazard |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Physical phenomenon that can cause direct damage or injury to people, property, or the environment | Financial event or trend that can threaten the economic well-being of individuals, businesses, or countries |
| Examples | Earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, wildfires, landslides | Recessions, inflation, currency devaluation, trade wars, market crashes |
| Immediate Impact | Can cause physical damage, injuries, or fatalities | Can lead to job losses, financial losses, and economic instability |
| Effects on Infrastructure | Can damage or destroy infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, and roads | Can disrupt supply chains, transportation networks, and business operations |
| Long-Term Consequences | Can lead to rebuilding costs, displacement of populations, and environmental damage | Can affect long-term economic growth, investment, and job creation |
| Prevention and Mitigation | Involve measures to strengthen infrastructure, implement early warning systems, and enhance emergency response capabilities | Include policies to manage inflation, promote economic diversification, and stabilize financial markets |
| Insurance | Yes, insurance can provide financial protection against physical hazards | Yes, insurance can provide financial protection against certain economic hazards, such as business interruption and trade credit |