Differentiate between reason and science along with a reference.

Reason refers to the ability to think, understand, and form judgments logically. It is the process of using logic and critical thinking to come to conclusions or make decisions. On the other hand, science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the natural world.

While reason is a broader concept that encompasses the ability to think and make decisions, science is a specific method of inquiry that involves systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis to understand the natural world. Reason can be used in various aspects of life, including ethics, philosophy, and everyday decision-making, while science is specifically focused on understanding the physical and natural world through empirical evidence.

Reference:
- "Reason vs. Science." Diffen, diffen.com/difference/Reason_vs_Science.

Reason

- A mental process involving logic and analysis
- Based on our senses and knowledge
- Subjective and influenced by personal biases
- Can be used to form beliefs, opinions, and judgments
- Example: Believing that it will rain tomorrow because the sky is overcast

Science

- A systematic method of acquiring knowledge about the natural world
- Based on observation, experiment, and hypothesis testing
- Objective and relies on empirical evidence
- Aims to establish general laws and theories
- Example: Conducting experiments to determine the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth

Key Differences

| Feature | Reason | Science |
|---|---|---|
| Basis | Personal senses and knowledge | Observation, experiment, hypothesis testing |
| Subjectivity | Subjective and influenced by personal biases | Objective and relies on empirical evidence |
| Goal | Forming beliefs, opinions, and judgments | Establishing general laws and theories |
| Method | Logic and analysis | Systematic observation and experimentation |
| Example | Believing it will rain tomorrow | Determining the effects of fertilizers on plant growth |

Reference

- [Reason and Science](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reason-science/) from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy