Differentiate between cytokinesis in plants and animals?

Cytokinesis is the process of cell division that occurs after the nucleus has divided during mitosis or meiosis. In plants and animals, cytokinesis occurs differently due to the structural differences between plant and animal cells.

In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow, which is a constriction of the cell membrane that pinches the cell in two. This process is driven by a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments that constricts the cell membrane until the two daughter cells are completely separated.

In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate, which is a structure made of vesicles containing cell wall material that forms between the two daughter nuclei. The cell plate grows outward until it fuses with the cell membrane, dividing the cell into two daughter cells. This process is unique to plant cells because they have a rigid cell wall that must be synthesized during cytokinesis.

Overall, the main difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals is the mechanism by which the cell is divided. Animal cells use a cleavage furrow to pinch the cell in two, while plant cells use a cell plate to divide the cell.

Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division (karyokinesis). It is the final stage of cell division and results in the formation of two daughter cells.

Cytokinesis in Plants

- Cell Plate Formation: During cytokinesis in plants, a cell plate forms in the middle of the parent cell. The cell plate is a membrane-bound structure that contains vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus.
- Vesicle Fusion: Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus fuse with the cell plate, adding more membrane and expanding the cell plate.
- Cell Wall Deposition: Cellulose microfibrils are deposited along the cell plate, forming a new cell wall. The cell wall separates the two daughter cells.
- Plastodesmid Formation: Plasmodesmata, which are channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, form through the cell wall.
- Completion of Cytokinesis: Once the cell wall is complete, the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells is separated.

Cytokinesis in Animals

- Cleavage Furrow Formation: During cytokinesis in animals, a cleavage furrow forms on the surface of the parent cell. The cleavage furrow is a constriction that pinches the cell in two.
- Microfilament Contraction: Microfilaments, which are part of the cytoskeleton, contract and pull the plasma membrane inward, deepening the cleavage furrow.
- Completion of Cytokinesis: Once the cleavage furrow pinches off completely, the two daughter cells are separated.

Key Differences

| Feature | Cytokinesis in Plants | Cytokinesis in Animals |
|---|---|---|
| Form of cytokinesis | Cell plate formation | Cleavage furrow formation |
| Role of Golgi apparatus | Vesicles fuse with the cell plate | No direct role |
| Cell wall formation | Yes, new cell wall is formed | No, no cell wall |
| Plasmodesmata formation | Yes | No |

HIRE A HACKER FOR RECOVERY STOLEN FUNDS FROM SCAMMERS.. USDT / BTC / ETH - REACH OUT TO GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER... I found a reason to be happy again with the help of GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER.. Retrieving back my lost investment funds which was stuck up in an investment platform for months inaccessible, I started with little funds and was able to make my withdrawals which before I could know what was happening, I had already put in $960,000 worth of cryptocurrency watched my profits grow each passing day with the platform but going forward I decided to make more withdrawal which the platform declined. It became more shocking to me when it got to three months and I couldn't still process the withdrawal with the investment platform even after reaching out to their customer support to rectify the issue, all my messages from that moment weren't answered. I reached out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. Who is a highly reputable cryptocurrency recovery service for assistance. The team of experts conducted extensive research, Choosing them to assist with their service in my case has been the best decision of my life and they kept to their promise from our first contact that my funds will be retrieved. They retrieved back my lost investment funds during the recovery process and they provided me with every minute update on the progress made with the recovery. If you have experience cryptocurrency lost, kindly reach out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. I appreciate them for helping me get back on my feet. I wish you success in getting your funds back. Get in touch with them straight immediately with their contact. At. Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@protonme ) Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@gmail.com ) Website; https://geovcoordinateshac.wixsite.com/geo-coordinates-hack WhatsApp ( +1 (512) 550 1646 )

HIRE A HACKER FOR RECOVERY STOLEN FUNDS FROM SCAMMERS.. USDT / BTC / ETH - REACH OUT TO GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER... I found a reason to be happy again with the help of GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER.. Retrieving back my lost investment funds which was stuck up in an investment platform for months inaccessible, I started with little funds and was able to make my withdrawals which before I could know what was happening, I had already put in $960,000 worth of cryptocurrency watched my profits grow each passing day with the platform but going forward I decided to make more withdrawal which the platform declined. It became more shocking to me when it got to three months and I couldn't still process the withdrawal with the investment platform even after reaching out to their customer support to rectify the issue, all my messages from that moment weren't answered. I reached out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. Who is a highly reputable cryptocurrency recovery service for assistance. The team of experts conducted extensive research, Choosing them to assist with their service in my case has been the best decision of my life and they kept to their promise from our first contact that my funds will be retrieved. They retrieved back my lost investment funds during the recovery process and they provided me with every minute update on the progress made with the recovery. If you have experience cryptocurrency lost, kindly reach out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. I appreciate them for helping me get back on my feet. I wish you success in getting your funds back. Get in touch with them straight immediately with their contact. At. Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@protonme ) Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@gmail.com ) Website; https://geovcoordinateshac.wixsite.com/geo-coordinates-hack WhatsApp ( +1 (512) 550 1646 )

HIRE A HACKER FOR RECOVERY STOLEN FUNDS FROM SCAMMERS.. USDT / BTC / ETH - REACH OUT TO GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER... I found a reason to be happy again with the help of GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER.. Retrieving back my lost investment funds which was stuck up in an investment platform for months inaccessible, I started with little funds and was able to make my withdrawals which before I could know what was happening, I had already put in $960,000 worth of cryptocurrency watched my profits grow each passing day with the platform but going forward I decided to make more withdrawal which the platform declined. It became more shocking to me when it got to three months and I couldn't still process the withdrawal with the investment platform even after reaching out to their customer support to rectify the issue, all my messages from that moment weren't answered. I reached out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. Who is a highly reputable cryptocurrency recovery service for assistance. The team of experts conducted extensive research, Choosing them to assist with their service in my case has been the best decision of my life and they kept to their promise from our first contact that my funds will be retrieved. They retrieved back my lost investment funds during the recovery process and they provided me with every minute update on the progress made with the recovery. If you have experience cryptocurrency lost, kindly reach out to GEO COORDINATES RECOVERY HACKER. I appreciate them for helping me get back on my feet. I wish you success in getting your funds back. Get in touch with them straight immediately with their contact. At. Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@protonme ) Email: ( geovcoordinateshacker@gmail.com ) Website; https://geovcoordinateshac.wixsite.com/geo-coordinates-hack WhatsApp ( +1 (512) 550 1646 )