Differentiate between 4 types of learning and include 2 points per learning?

1. Classical conditioning:
- Involves learning through association between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus
- Behavior is involuntary and automatic, such as reflexes or emotional responses

2. Operant conditioning:
- Involves learning through consequences of behavior, such as reinforcement or punishment
- Behavior is voluntary and influenced by the outcomes of actions

3. Observational learning:
- Involves learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
- Behavior is influenced by social interactions and modeling

4. Cognitive learning:
- Involves learning through mental processes such as problem-solving, reasoning, and memory
- Behavior is influenced by thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions about the world

1. Classical Conditioning

- Involves learning an association between a neutral stimulus and a meaningful stimulus.
- Key Points:
- Unconditioned stimulus (meaningful stimulus) elicits an unconditioned response.
- Neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when paired with the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly.

2. Operant Conditioning

- Involves learning based on rewards or punishments for behaviors.
- Key Points:
- Positive reinforcement (reward) increases the likelihood of a behavior.
- Negative reinforcement (removal of unpleasant stimulus) also increases the likelihood of a behavior.

3. Cognitive Learning

- Involves learning through mental processes, such as observing, reasoning, and problem-solving.
- Key Points:
- Observation learning occurs by observing others' behaviors and consequences.
- Cognitive mapping involves creating mental representations of environments or events.

4. Social Learning

- Involves learning through interactions with others, particularly in social settings.
- Key Points:
- Modeling involves imitating the behaviors and attitudes of others.
- Social norms shape behaviors based on expectations and values within a social group.