Difference between solute and solvent, anion and cation? Discuss bond polarity? Which is larger in terms of ions between Mg and Mg2+. Three reasons? 17.8g of Mg added to HCl. What is the mass o MgCl2?

Solute and solvent:
- Solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. It is typically present in smaller quantities.
- Solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved. It is typically present in larger quantities.

Anion and cation:
- Anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more electrons.
- Cation is a positively charged ion that has lost one or more electrons.

Bond polarity:
- Bond polarity refers to the distribution of electrons in a chemical bond. In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally between atoms, leading to a partial positive and partial negative charge on the atoms involved. In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of cations and anions.

Mg vs Mg2+:
- Mg2+ is larger than Mg because it has lost two electrons, resulting in a decrease in electron-electron repulsion and a smaller electron cloud. This leads to a smaller size for Mg2+ compared to Mg.
- Mg2+ has a higher charge density than Mg, which causes stronger electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus and the surrounding electrons, resulting in a smaller size for Mg2+.
- The removal of two electrons from Mg to form Mg2+ results in a decrease in electron-electron repulsion, leading to a smaller size for Mg2+.

Mass of MgCl2:
The reaction between Mg and HCl results in the formation of MgCl2. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

From the equation, it can be seen that 1 mole of Mg reacts with 2 moles of HCl to form 1 mole of MgCl2. The molar mass of Mg is 24.31 g/mol, and the molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol.

Given that 17.8g of Mg is added to HCl, we can calculate the moles of Mg present:
17.8g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.733 moles of Mg

Since 1 mole of Mg reacts with 2 moles of HCl, the moles of HCl required would be:
0.733 moles of Mg x 2 = 1.466 moles of HCl

The molar mass of MgCl2 is 95.21 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of MgCl2 formed would be:
1.466 moles of HCl x 95.21 g/mol = 139.5 g

Therefore, the mass of MgCl2 formed when 17.8g of Mg is added to HCl is 139.5g.

Solute and Solvent

- Solute: The substance that dissolves in a solvent.
- Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute, usually present in a larger amount.

Anion and Cation

- Anion: A negatively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons.
- Cation: A positively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons.

Bond Polarity

Bond polarity refers to the uneven distribution of electrons in a covalent bond. It arises when the atoms involved have different electronegativities, which is a measure of their ability to attract electrons. The more electronegative atom will pull the electrons closer to itself, creating a partial negative charge on that atom and a partial positive charge on the other atom.

Larger Ion: Mg or Mg2

Mg2+ is larger than Mg for the following reasons:

1. Loss of Electrons: When Mg loses two electrons to form Mg2+, its atomic radius increases.
2. Repulsion of Positive Charges: The two positive charges on Mg2+ repel each other, causing the ion to expand.
3. Electron-Nuclear Attraction: The nucleus of Mg2+ has the same number of protons as Mg, but two fewer electrons. This reduces the electron-nuclear attraction and allows the ion to expand.

Mass of MgCl2

To calculate the mass of MgCl2 produced, we can use the following steps:

1. Convert the mass of Mg to moles: 17.8 g Mg x (1 mol Mg / 24.31 g Mg) = 0.732 mol Mg
2. According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mol Mg reacts with 2 moles of HCl to produce 1 mol MgCl2. So, 0.732 mol Mg will produce 0.732 mol MgCl2.
3. Convert moles of MgCl2 to mass: 0.732 mol MgCl2 x (95.21 g MgCl2 / 1 mol MgCl2) = 69.36 g MgCl2