Dietary recommendation of management of type 2 diabetes? Give nutrition goals for each of the following conditions 1. Acute kidney injury? 2. Type 2 diabetes?

1. Acute kidney injury:
- Limit protein intake to reduce the workload on the kidneys
- Monitor and restrict sodium intake to help manage fluid balance
- Increase intake of fruits and vegetables to provide essential vitamins and minerals
- Monitor and limit potassium and phosphorus intake to prevent further damage to the kidneys

2. Type 2 diabetes:
- Monitor and control carbohydrate intake to manage blood sugar levels
- Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins as the main sources of nutrients
- Limit intake of saturated fats and trans fats to reduce the risk of heart disease
- Monitor portion sizes to prevent overeating and weight gain
- Stay hydrated and limit sugary beverages to prevent spikes in blood sugar levels.

Dietary Recommendations for Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Energy:
- Individualized based on calorie needs and weight management goals.
- May recommend a calorie deficit of 500-750 calories per day for weight loss.

Carbohydrates:
- Consume whole grains, fruits, and vegetables as primary carbohydrate sources.
- Aim for 45-65% of total calories from carbohydrates.
- Choose foods with a low glycemic index (GI) to help regulate blood sugar levels.

Protein:
- Include lean protein sources such as fish, poultry, beans, tofu, and low-fat dairy in the diet.
- Aim for 10-20% of total calories from protein.

Fat:
- Limit saturated and trans fats.
- Choose healthy fats from sources such as olive oil, avocado, and nuts.
- Aim for 20-35% of total calories from fat.

Fiber:
- Consume 25-30 grams of fiber per day from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans.
- Fiber helps slow digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, which can help regulate blood sugar levels.

Sodium:
- Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day.
- Excessive sodium consumption can increase blood pressure and worsen fluid retention in people with diabetes.

Other:
- Limit sugary drinks and processed foods.
- Avoid skipping meals to prevent blood sugar spikes and crashes.
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and adjust dietary intake as needed.

Nutrition Goals for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Energy:
- Provide adequate calories to meet energy needs and prevent malnutrition.
- Aim for 30-35 calories per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day.

Protein:
- Restrict protein intake to 0.6-0.8 grams per kg of body weight per day.
- Excessive protein intake can increase blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and worsen kidney function.

Potassium:
- Limit potassium intake to 1-2 grams per day.
- Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) can be life-threatening in people with AKI.

Phosphorus:
- Limit phosphorus intake to 800-1,000 mg per day.
- High phosphorus levels can lead to bone and vascular complications.

Sodium:
- Restrict sodium intake as ordered by the healthcare provider.
- Fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances can worsen AKI.

Other:
- Ensure adequate hydration by providing fluids as tolerated.
- Monitor electrolyte levels and adjust dietary intake as needed.
- Provide oral nutrition supplements if the patient is unable to meet nutrient needs through food intake.