1. Forest Ecosystem
- Dominated by trees and other woody vegetation
- Types: temperate deciduous, tropical rainforest, boreal forest, montane forest
- Key functions: carbon storage, water regulation, biodiversity support
2. Grassland Ecosystem
- Characterized by non-woody herbaceous plants, such as grasses and wildflowers
- Types: prairies, steppes, savannas
- Key functions: grazing support, carbon sequestration, erosion control
3. Desert Ecosystem
- Receives very little precipitation and has extreme temperatures
- Vegetation is sparse and adapted to arid conditions, such as cacti, succulents, and shrubs
- Key functions: heat tolerance, water conservation, nutrient cycling
4. Aquatic Ecosystem
- Consists of bodies of water, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and wetlands
- Types: marine, freshwater, estuarine, lentic, lotic
- Key functions: water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat provision
5. Tundra Ecosystem
- Found in cold, polar regions with permafrost
- Vegetation is dominated by low-growing plants, such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs
- Key functions: carbon storage, nitrogen fixation, wildlife support